[4], Æthelred's descent is unknown, and he does not appear to have been closely related to his immediate predecessors, although his name suggests possible descent from earlier Mercian kings. However, it's not accurate to Uhtred's. [8] In the view of Ian Walker: "He was a royal ealdorman whose power base lay in the south-west of Mercia in the former kingdom of the Hwicce around Gloucester. [54], King Edward's influence over Mercia is unclear, and he may have had less power than his father. For others named Æthelred, see Æthelred of Wessexor Æthelred Mucel. The following year, the Vikings conquered East Anglia. Egbert briefly conquered Mercia, but it recovered its independence in 830, and thereafter the two kingdoms became allies, which was to be an important factor in English resistance to the Vikings. [18] Historians, however, disagree about the circumstances. 42–43, Keynes, "Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons", pp. Æthelwulf and Alhhelm are not recorded after the turn of the century, and Æthelfrith may have been Æthelflæd's chief lieutenant when Æthelred's health collapsed soon afterwards. [a] In 903 they negotiated a settlement over a former monastic estate which the bishops of Worcester had been trying to recover since the 840s, and Bishop Wærferth wrote "we never could get anywhere until Æthelred became lord of the Mercians". In 1006 King Æthelred ⦠[43], According to William of Malmesbury, King Edward's eldest son, the future King Æthelstan, was sent to be brought up at the court of Æthelred and Æthelflæd after Edward remarried in about 900. In the view of Ann Williams, "though he accepted West Saxon overlordship, Æthelred behaved rather as a king of Mercia than an ealdorman",[50] and Charles Insley states that Mercia remained an independent kingdom until 920. He ended his days on St. Georgeâs day; having held his kingdom ⦠His rule was confined to the western half, as eastern Mercia was then part of the Viking-ruled Danelaw. [22], Anglo-Saxon London, called Lundenwic, was located a mile west of Roman Londinium, but Lundenwic was undefended, and the restoration was carried out inside the walls of the old Roman city, especially an area close to the River Thames now called Queenhithe, but which was then known as Æthelred's Hythe after its Mercian ruler. Neither Edgar (959-975) nor his son Æ thelred (978-1016) came to the throne free from controversy. The alliance was cemented by the marriage of Æthelred to Alfred's daughter Æthelflæd. No original charter of Edward survives, and S 221, The "Mercian Register" (also known as the "Annals of Æthelflæd") is the name given by historians to entries from 902 to 924 in several versions of the, Keynes, "King Alfred and the Mercians", p. 19, Keynes, "King Alfred and the Mercians", pp. [27][53] The late tenth-century chronicler Æthelweard, in his annal for 893, called Æthelred "King of the Mercians", but recorded his death in 911 as that of the "Lord of the Mercians". [20] Marios Costambeys takes a similar view, arguing that Alfred's decision was probably due to the need to maintain unity among the English who were outside Viking territory. Æthelred and Æthelflæd were a great husband wife team in real life, ruling Mercia together and keeping the Vikings at bay. (C) 2020 Copyright. The couple's only child, a daughter called Ælfwynn, then ruled briefly until deposed by her uncle, King Edward. Keynes points out that according to Asser, the Welsh king Anarawd submitted to Alfred on the same terms as Æthelred—"Namely that in every respect he would be obedient to the royal will". Ceolwulf was described by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as "a foolish king's thegn" who was a puppet of the Vikings, but the historian Ann Williams regards this view as partial and distorted: he was accepted as a true king by the Mercians and by King Alfred. For much of the time, Alfred had been in the west country defending Devonshire, and in the view of Richard Abels: "King Alfred had little to do directly with the great victories enjoyed by the English in 893–896. West Saxon kings' wives had a low status in the ninth century and very little is known about them. The Last Kingdom airs on Netflix and the popular historical drama has been renewed for a fifth season. At some time in the decade 899 to 909, Æthelred's health may have declined, and Æthelflæd may have become the effective ruler of Mercia. Æthelwold was King Æthelred's son and Alfred's nephew. Perhaps born in the 860s, he was too young to succeed his father in 871. Osthryth was murdered in unknown circumstances in 697, and in 704 Æthelred abdicated, leaving the throne to Wulfhere's son Coenred. The Last Kingdom: Meet the New Season 4 Characters. Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians (or Ealdorman Æthelred of Mercia; died 911) became ruler of English Mercia shortly after the death of its last king, Ceolwulf II in 879. Music by Dan Bonnett (C) 2019. [28], In 892, two Viking armies attacked eastern England, and Æthelred took part in the defence. During the first episode, Uhtred's father and his army are slaughtered by the Danes soon after they arrive by sea. King Eadwig succeeded his uncle in 955, while his brother Edgar was declared king in Mercia and the ⦠After King Æthelred was mortally wounded in battle, the Witan chooses Alfred ⦠[51] Coinage issued in English Mercia in Ceolred's time named him as king, but in Æthelred's time it named the West Saxon king,[52] yet Æthelred issued some charters in his own name, implying royal authority. [27][32] Irish annals called the Three Fragments also suggest that Æthelred was unable to take an active part in government from about 902,[38] although he did attend a meeting in 903 with King Edward, Æthelflæd and Ælfwynn. 40–62, Keynes, "King Alfred and the Mercians", p. 29, "Æthelflæd (Ethelfleda) (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians", "Æthelred (d. 911), ruler of the Mercians", "The translation of St Oswald's relics to New Minster, Gloucester: royal and imperial resonances", List of English words of Old Norse origin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Æthelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians&oldid=988212328, Burials at St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 19:59. Æthelflæd's uncle, Æthelwulf, controlled western and possibly central Mercia, while the south and east were ruled by Æthelfrith, the father of Æthelstan Half-King. Toby Regbo | Portraying Æthelred on The Last Kingdom - YouTube According to a transcript dating from 1304 in York's archives, in 925 Æthelstan gave a grant of privileges to St Oswald's Priory in Gloucester "according to a pact of paternal piety which formerly he pledged with Æthelred, ealdorman of the people of the Mercians". Toby Regbo portrays lord of Mercia, Æthelred on The Last Kingdom, as well as young Dumbledore in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows: Part 1 and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. His father, King Aethelwulf of Wessex, reigned over the kingdom from 839 to 856. When Æthelred died in London on 23 April 1016 [see below], he held little more than London and the surrounding area. [39] In 1998 Keynes suggested that Æthelred may have been incapacitated by illness at the end of his life,[40] but in a summary of his career in 2014 Keynes does not mention this, stating that Æthelred and Æthelflæd cooperated with King Edward in campaigns against the Vikings. Æthelflæd was born into this world of war and looming invasion probably a year before Alfred came to the throne of Wessex in AD 871. Saxon 1 - The Last Kingdom by Bernard Cornwell Author:Bernard Cornwell , Date: April 11, 2014 ,Views: 106 ... Englishmen talk of the battle of Æscâs Hill, they speak of God giving the West Saxons the victory because King Æthelred and his brother Alfred were praying when the Danes appeared. [14] By 883, Æthelred had accepted Alfred's lordship. The first episode portrays the Anglo-Saxons as unprepared for war with the Danes and too dependent on their priests. Date of birth: ca. [45], Gloucester seems to have been the main seat of Æthelred's and Æthelflæd's power,[46] and before 900 they founded a new minster there, dedicated to St Peter. She is first recorded as Æthelred's wife in a charter of 887, but Keynes thinks that the marriage may have taken place two or three years earlier,[26] and the historian Maggie Bailey dates it to between 882 and 887, with the most likely political context being the occupation of London in 886. One of the burhs was Worcester, where Æthelred worked with its bishop and used the standing Roman walls in the town's defences. When Æthelred attained the throne, England had been a united kingdom for a mere forty years, and allegiances to kin were still far stronger than any oaths made to a distant king. Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians. [5] Thereafter he usually acted with Alfred's permission, but issued some charters in his own name without reference to Alfred, such as at a meeting in Risborough in Buckinghamshire in 884, showing that English Mercia extended quite far south-east towards London. The bones were translated to the new Gloucester minster, which was renamed St Oswald's Priory in his honour. Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians became ruler of English Mercia shortly after the death of its last king, Ceolwulf II in 879. Æthelflæd died in 918, and their daughter Ælfwynn briefly ruled Mercia until deposed by Edward the Elder, who took the territory under his direct control. Our first look at Uhtredâs new rival, grown-up daughter, her love interest, and Aethelredâs new mistress in The Last Kingdom ⦠He marries twice, and among his many children there are two who will succeed him as King of England. Later in the year, a larger Viking force marched from Essex through Mercia to the Welsh border, followed by Æthelred with a joint force of Mercians and West Saxons. [27] In King Alfred's will, drawn up in the 880s, Æthelred was left a sword worth 100 mancuses. [44], After Æthelred's death in 911, Æthelflæd ruled as "Lady of the Mercians", but she did not inherit the Mercian territories of London and Oxford, which were taken by Edward. He is sometimes called "ealdorman",[49] but also "Lord of the Mercians"[41][50] and "subking". Both Æthelred and Æthelflæd were buried there. In t s s the Vikings partitioned Mercia, taking Keynes regards the designation "K. [King] Æthelred II" in the Handbook of British Chronology as a "delightfully provocative" extension of the "received wisdom" that Mercia retained a real measure of independence in Æthelred's time. [33], Evidence from charters show that Æthelred and Æthelflæd supported religious communities. [42] In Michael Livingston's view, he campaigned with Edward in Northumbria in 909, and may have died as a result of wounds sustained at the Battle of Tettenhall in 910. In 901 they gave land to Much Wenlock Abbey, and donated a gold chalice weighing thirty mancuses in honour of its former abbess, Saint Mildburgh. Mercia was the dominant kingdom in southern England in the eighth century, and maintained its position until it suffered a decisive defeat by King Egbert of Wessex at the Battle of Ellendun in 825. Make sure to watch Toby Regbo on The Last Kingdom streaming on Netflix now! [13] According to Alfred's Welsh biographer Asser, Æthelred's "might and tyrannical behaviour" forced these kingdoms to submit to the protection of King Alfred's lordship. Aethelred appears to be both the perfect match for Aethelflaed and a good ally for Alfred as he strives to extend his influence outside Wessex. [5][29] In 893, Æthelred brought troops from London to join Alfred's son Edward against a Viking army at Thorney in Buckinghamshire, but the Vikings were too strong for a direct attack so they were allowed to leave English territory. Æthelred became a monk at Bardney, a monastery which he had founded with his wife, and was buried there. The first installment of Bernard Cornwellâs New York Times bestselling series chronicling the epic saga of the making of England, âlike Game of Thrones, but realâ (The Observer, London)âthe basis for The Last Kingdom, the hit Netflix series.. Let us know your favorite works and/or moments from Toby Regbo in the comments below! [16], After the Battle of Edington in 878, Alfred established a network of fortified settlements, called burhs, in Wessex to protect his people and territory against Viking attacks, and when Æthelred accepted Alfred's lordship the burhs were extended into Mercia. At almost the same time as Alfred's victory over the Vikings in 878 at the Battle of Edington, Ceolwulf defeated and killed Rhodri Mawr, king of the north Welsh territory of Gwynedd. Æthelred II, Anglo-Saxon king of England, died on 23 April, 1016. 5–6, Heighway, "Gloucester and the new minster of St Oswald", pp. [59][60][c] However, Keynes also says: This article is about the Lord of the Mercians. Æthelred of Mercia was a main character in both The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. [19] According to Frank Stenton, Alfred recovered London by force from the Vikings and handed it to Æthelred because it had previously been a Mercian town, and he respected the traditions of other kingdoms. See more ideas about the last kingdom, kingdom, uhtred of bebbanburg. [1] The Mercians traditionally held overlordship over Wales, and in 853 King Burgred of Mercia obtained the assistance of King Æthelwulf of Wessex in an invasion of Wales in order to reassert their hegemony. The first episode focuses on the Danish characters, while they do act cruel to the Anglo-Saxons they are also fun-loving and one of them, Earl Ragner, shows much affection to Uhtred. In 883 they freed Berkeley Abbey from obligations to the king's feorm (payments in kind), and in 887 they confirmed the possession of land and transferred manpower to Pyrton Minster in Oxfordshire. [5] Alfred P. Smyth suggests that the Chronicle's account reflects bias in Alfred's favour, and that Æthelred took charge because he had a greater role in London's recovery than the West Saxon chronicler was willing to admit. After the defeat of one Viking leader, Hastein, Alfred became godfather to one of Hastein's two sons and Æthelred to the other. The defeat forced Æthelred to abandon his ambitions in north Wales, but he continued to exercise overlordship over the south-eastern Welsh kingdoms of Glywysing and Gwent. [55], Pauline Stafford comments that "Alfred's dominance in the 890s over Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, was as debatable at the time as it still is. Edward's charters show Æthelred and Æthelflæd as accepting his royal authority, but their own charters make no reference to an overlord, and some use expressions such as "holding, governing and defending the sole rule of the Mercians", which come close to describing them as king and queen. His rule was confined to the western half, as eastern Mercia was then part of the Viking-ruled Danelaw. After Æthelred's death, Æthelflæd ruled as Lady of the Mercians until her own death in 918. [50] West Saxon sources refer to him as an ealdorman, emphasising Mercian subordination to the West Saxon monarchy, whereas Mercian ones describe him as Lord of the Mercians, and Celtic ones sometimes as King of Mercia. Æthelred was the lord of Mercia and the husband of Æthelflæd. This was described by Welsh annals as "revenge by God for Rhodri". Charles-Edwards suggests that in 881–882 he tried to maintain his dominance in south-east Wales, but Alfred offered his protection to Glywysing and Gwent, and in 882–883 Æthelred accepted that West Saxon power made continued independence impossible. Over the next two generations Worcester was transformed from an ecclesiastical settlement to a town with a diverse population of craftsmen. Nov 15, 2020 - Explore Marsha Carew's board "The Last Kingdom" on Pinterest. His passing was noted in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in an entry that was probably written within a decade of his death:. [8][9] Æthelred may have been the man of the same name who attested two Mercian charters in the late 860s,[10] but he is not listed in the two surviving charters of Ceolwulf. Æthelred's last two years as king were spent in a struggle with Sweyn's son Cnut.
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