It was made a subsidiary of VVB NAGEMA, a group of East German state-owned engineering companies. Later, the company diversified into silos, chimneys, incinerators for burning municipal waste, and crematoria.During World War I it made weapons shells, limbers (carts … About 8.5 million Germans had been members of the party and the Spruchkammer were set up to investigate them. [4], He had four sons: Gustav (1853–1893); Albert (1857–1896); Max Julius Ernst, known as Julius (1859–1914) and Wilhelm Louis, known as Ludwig, (1863–1914). It was handed over on 3 July 1945. Der DFB zeichnet seit 2005 Vereine, Institutionen und Einzelpersonen aus, die sich für Demokratie und Menschenwürde sowie gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und jede Form der Diskriminierung einsetzen. The majority of the French, Soviets and Italians were prisoners of war. Elle fut l'un des deux principaux fournisseurs des fours crématoires utilisés par l'Allemagne nazie[1]. Les employés en question se servirent de leurs observations pour optimiser les installations d'extermination. From March 1943 until November 1944, nearly 1 million people were murdered and disposed of at the camp. He was held in custody and interrogated for two or three weeks and then let go. This closed at the end of 1949 and Topf's file was handed over to the Wiesbaden state prosecutors office, where investigations into him as an accessory to murder for his role in the Holocaust began. After the truth about the concentration camps was exposed, Topf & Söhne's involvement was quite widely known. Comment ajouter mes sources ? Ils donnent au souvenir une forme visible et tangible. Plus miliony pokojów w hotelach, kurortach, apartamentowcach i schroniskach na całym świecie. From 1941, Topf & Söhne used forced labour in its factory, as did many other German firms in the Nazi period. Epithets such as 'the engineers of the final solution' and 'the technicians of mass murder' have been applied to Töpf & Söhne, because, to a greater extent than its competitors, it used its considerable expertise to assist the Nazi regime to make mass execution into an efficient, industrial process. Bodies were often pushed in four, five or even six at once. Busca y compara hoteles cercanos a J. Barracks that could accommodate 52 Zwangsarbeiter were built on the Topf & Söhne factory site. The firm's senior managers already had a lot of independence and operations continued without any major upheaval. Après la guerre, il se suicida. The Americans forced the citizens of nearby Weimar to walk through the camp to witness what had been going on. He was released three weeks later and returned to work. Crematorium IV was out of use from May 1943, after only two months of service, because it developed cracks. [1], In 1951 Topf founded a new company, in Wiesbaden, to make crematoria and refuse incinerators. Elsa Topf was also estranged from her daughter, whose marriage she disapproved of. Heute beginnt das 8-Jahre-besetzt-Festival im Besetzten Haus auf dem ehemaligen Topf & Söhne Gelände in Erfurt. It was privatised in 1993 after German reunification and it went bankrupt in 1996. However, his business never did well. Ausstellung: 31.10.2020 10:00 – 04.07.2021 18:00 Kategorie: Sonderausstellung, Geschichte, Gedenken, Topf und Söhne. Schüle, Annegret: Industrie und Holocaust. Il était l'un des quatre ingénieurs qui furent arrêtés et condamnés par les fonctionnaires soviétiques en 1946. [1][15] He is quoted as saying during the interrogations "I was a German engineer and key member of the Topf works and I saw it as my duty to apply my specialist knowledge in this way in order to help Germany win the war, just as an aircraft construction engineer builds airplanes in wartime, which are also connected with the destruction of human beings. [1], In December 1939, a patent application was made for Prüfer's double-muffle transportable cremation unit, although it was not approved, possibly because of the legal problem of ash mixing. A senior engineer, Kurt Prüfer, was arrested the day before, and Topf was warned that he was about to be arrested himself. [8] Der Beitritt zur NSDAP sowie die anfängliche Geschäftsbeziehung zur SS können teilweise mit der Angst der Gebrüder um den … J.A. They ran social and cultural projects, and organised events and guided tours which drew attention to the history of Topf & Söhne during the Nazi period, which had been largely forgotten. Die Texte sind einer Ausstellung über Häuserkampf und Stadtteilppolitik entnommen, die ebenfalls von den Besetzer/innen des Topf & Söhne-Geländes erstellt wurde. A. Topf und Söhne za pomocą Hoteli Skyscanner. [8], The influence of Nazi staff within the firm also grew. He had a reputation as a womaniser and was living with his secretary, 19 years his junior, at the time of his death. Une réorganisation et une clarification du contenu paraissent nécessaires. [3], As Ernst Topf was now in western Germany and his brother Ludwig was dead, Topf & Söhne was declared an "ownerless company" and in 1946 it was taken over by the state and renamed "Topfwerke Erfurt VEB". [28] The University of Erfurt's television channel, UNIcut,[31] made a short report about the occupation shortly before the eviction. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). Il ne fut jamais inquiété par la justice[3]. wurzelnackt im Topf. [5], The motto "Stets gern für Sie beschäftigt, ..." ("Always happy to be at your service, ...") is painted in large letters on the outside of the restored building. [3][6], When Johannes Topf founded the firm on 1 July 1878 he was already 62 years old. Assmann, Aleida; Hidderman, Frank (eds) (2002), This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 00:07. [26][27], Squatters moved onto part of the site of the former factory on 12 April 2001 and set up an independent culture centre known as Das Besetzte Haus (the occupied house). Les installations Topf & Fils représentaient une avancée considérable pour les crémations lors de funérailles religieuses. By 1914, it was one of the largest firms of its type in the world, employing over 500 staff and exporting to 50 countries. Welche Kriterien es bei dem Kaufen Ihres Kaffee campingkocher zu bewerten gibt. La Villa Cotta ® als wurzelnackte Rose kaufen. [1], Later, in December 1946, because of his membership of the Nazi party, the Fritzlar-Homberg Spruchkammer, a German civilian denazification court, started investigating Ernst Topf. It also has changing exhibitions, film viewings, talks, etc. Those present observed the bodies being put in the ovens and burned. Damit kommt Topf & Söhne eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Umsetzung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden und den Sinti und Roma zu. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». Before crematoria II, III and IV at Auschwitz II were officially put into operation, on 5 March 1943, in the presence of high-ranking SS officers from Berlin, camp authorities and Topf & Söhne staff, a test of crematorium II was held to measure the speed at which bodies could be disposed of. The ambitious engineer Kurt Prüfer joined at the same time. Die "Besetzer_innen" wollen mit der Aktion auf den Abriss der Industriebrache Topf und Söhne sowie der drohenden Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf einem Teil des ehemaligen Firmengeländes aufmerksam machen. Film from Buchenwald and other concentration camps was used as evidence at the Nuremberg Trials. Unsere Redakteure haben uns dem Ziel angenommen, Produktpaletten unterschiedlichster Variante auf Herz und Nieren zu überprüfen, sodass Interessierte unmittelbar den Kaffee campingkocher gönnen können, den Sie als Kunde kaufen wollen. Puis elle emporte le "marché du siècle" consistant à équiper les crématoires II à V à Auschwitz-Birkenau[2]. Für den Fall einer Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf dem ehemaligen Gelände von Topf & Söhne wollen zudem rund 200 Menschen eine Sitzblockade veranstalten. [11], In addition to making ovens for Buchenwald, Auschwitz and Dachau, Topf & Söhne also supplied a transportable double-muffle oven and a stationary double-muffle oven for Mauthausen-Gusen, a triple-muffle oven at Groß-Rosen and a four-muffle oven at Mogilev ghetto. This was illegal, but all subsequent multi-muffle ovens built for the concentration camps were designed in the same way. [2], Topf & Söhne's main competitor in making concentration camp ovens was the Berlin firm H. Kori GmbH [de], founded in 1887. Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz“ von Annegret Schüle (Wallstein-Verlag Göttingen. He was later involved with researching the history of the firm and in setting up the memorial site and museum. From April 1938 to March 1939, 90% of all cremations at Weimar came from Buchenwald. Topf & Söhne, hoping to capitalise on its good reputation prior to World War II. In October 1941, the SS placed an order for five three-muffle ovens for the new Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp (Auschwitz II), where it was initially estimated that over 1000 people per day would die. Het bedrijf had in het eerste oorlogsjaar een flinke financiële klap gekregen en in april 1941 was de schuld opgelopen tot … His brother Julius died of blood poisoning later the same year. The Zwangsarbeiter had to work 56 hours per week in comparison with the 42 hours worked by German employees, although they were paid 25–30% less. Prüfer and Sander, who disliked each other and competed with one another, disagreed about how well the device would work in practice. Later, in Topf & Söhne's instructions on using the ovens, they advised adding bodies to the muffles at 20-minute intervals as the previous body burned down. Topf & Söhne Die Erfurter Firma J. The Topf brothers wanted to return and manage the firm, but at a company works council meeting on 30 January 1933, they were labelled "Judengenossen" (friends of Jews) and not suitable to lead the company. That was the highest sentence that could be given without having a full trial. The investigation was suspended in 1951. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). Auf welche Punkte Sie vor dem Kauf Ihres Induktions topf auf normalen herd achten sollten! (mz) Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne, Sorbenweg 7, Erfurt, Di-So 10-18 Uhr Das Haus im Internet: www.topfundsoehne.de 1878 wurde von Johann Andreas Topf, der Vater von Ludwig und Ernst-Wolfgang Topf, der beiden namentlich bekannten Geschäftsführer der Firma zur NS-Zeit, in Erfurt eine Bierbrauerei gegründet. [1], Auschwitz and Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps were liberated by the Red Army on the 26 and 27 January 1945. It had already been agreed in the Yalta Conference, held in February 1945, that the area would come under Soviet control after the Germans had been defeated. A. Topf und Söhne — Das Unternehmen J. He used the old family firm's name, J.A. [5][1], In 1959 the state prosecutors in Frankfurt reopened investigations into Topf. He then joined Ludwig in Leipzig, studying at the Handelshochschule, now the Leipzig Graduate School of Management, graduating in 1929. Topf & Söhne ist ein authentischer Ort der Mittäterschaft der Industrie am Holocaust. However, for appearances sake, they were persuaded to join the Nazi party, in April 1933. The occupation was one of the most well known actions of left-radicals of that period in Germany. [28] About 30 remaining squatters were evicted by the police on 16 April 2009. However, the family made a further claim for financial compensation. Anna Anger, Fotos: AK Meer over 1942: - Bekijk deze uitzending in het scherm hierboven. [30] Pourtant, ils ne tirèrent pas de bénéfice de leurs contrats avec la SS, qui ne représentaient que 3 % de leur chiffre d'affaires. In the summer of 1944, almost 440,000 Hungarian Jews were transported to the camp and during this period up to 9,000 bodies per day, and sometimes as many as 10,000 per day, were cremated in the ovens, as well as in outdoor burning pits. Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz. [17] To try to conceal what had been going on, the SS blew up the crematoria and gas chambers before the Soviet troops arrived. Du business dans les camp de concentration : les complices passifs et actifs au sein de l'entreprise, Topf & Fils, partenaires de la SS : initiatives et avantages, Après la guerre : effacer les traces - se souvenir - nier, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topf_und_Söhne&oldid=173159133, Massacre ou atrocité de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Article manquant de références depuis juillet 2012, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Portail:Seconde Guerre mondiale/Articles liés, Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Die „Besetzer_innen“ wollen mit der Aktion auf den Abriss der Industriebrache Topf und Söhne sowie der drohenden Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf einem Teil des ehemaligen Firmengeländes aufmerksam machen. En 1941, Ludwig Topf parvint à se soustraire à son service militaire en affirmant qu'il était indispensable pour le projet Auschwitz. ); Ludwig (1903–1945), and Ernst Wolfgang (1904–1979). Wähle aus Millionen von Zimmern in Hotels, Resorts, Apartments und Hostels weltweit aus. J.A. A. Topf & Söhne die Verbrennungsöfen und die Lüftungstechnik für die Gaskammern. [10], The first transport of Jews arrived at Auschwitz II on 15 February 1942. The site of Buchenwald concentration camp can still be seen in the distance from the window where engineer Kurt Prüfer's desk stood. This bland valediction (complimentary close) was often used at the end of letters Topf & Söhne sent to the SS, in which details of orders for concentration camp ovens were discussed.[30]. By 1885 J.A. [20], On 27 April 1945, Ludwig Topf organised a meeting with company's works council at which it was agreed that the line to be taken with investigators was that workers and management knew that the ovens were delivered to concentration camps, but that they did not know the details of what was going on. A. Topf & Söhne company, Auschwitz-Birkenau Crematoria: Civilian Ovens Comparison (2016), Topf & Sons as Partners of the SS. He maintained that the ovens they had delivered to the concentration camps were standard equipment, of the same type that they made for city crematoria for civilian use and claimed that if they had refused to work with the SS they would have been severely punished. The brothers, like their father, did have many good relationships with Jewish friends, neighbours and business contacts. [13][14], In early 1943, the Topf & Söhne fitter Heinrich Messing installed exhaust fans in the Auschwitz II crematoria and also in the gas chambers. Conformément aux exigences de la SS - ils perfectionnèrent également les chambres à gaz en installant des systèmes de ventilation dans les crématoires II et III et un système d'aspiration de l'air dans le crématoire V[4]. Topf und Söhne. [9] An additional five triple-muffle ovens were installed at Auschwitz II by mid-March 1943. Und sie ist ein Teil von uns. The Spruchkammer had difficulties in getting evidence, partly due to a lack of co-operation between American officials and officials in Soviet occupied Erfurt. II. En 1914, l'entreprise se lança sur un nouveau marché et se mit à construire des installations d'incinération pour les crématoires municipaux. A. Topf & Söhne (gegründet 1878, bis zum Konkurs 1994 als EMS - Erfurter Mälzerei- und Speicherbau tätig) ist ein prominentes Beispiel für die Mittäterschaft der Industrie bei der Vernichtung der europäischen Juden. They were banned from the company site, due to a rift with their mother, who would not speak to them, and because of political problems. Même si ces fours particuliers ne représentaient qu'une petite activité annexe pour la société, celle-ci parvint rapidement à conquérir une place de leader sur le marché des fours crématoires en Allemagne. [4], From August 1940 to May 1942, Topf & Söhne built three double-muffle ovens at Auschwitz Camp I. [1][14] Messing, who was a communist, not a Nazi, spent from January to June 1943 working at the camp. Quellen: Lehmann, Heidrun: Stadtverband der Kleingärtner besteht seit 20 Jahren, Thüringische Landeszeitung vom 18.05.2010. Topf und Söhne) est une société allemande spécialisée en installations de chauffage qui fut créée en 1878 à Erfurt. There were also small numbers of Poles, Dutch, Croatians and Czechs. (20 cm, 16 cm, 28 cm), Edelstahl/schwarz. Topf & Söhne logo and manufacturer's name plate attached to the ovens. Braun, also a qualified engineer, was the factory's production manager. Leurs projets dépassaient de loin les exigences de la SS. In den Krematorien für den Völkermord an den europäischen Juden und Sinti und Roma errichteten Ingenieure von J. [1], At its peak Topf & Söhne was the largest company of its type in the world. Les dirigeants de Topf & Fils, tout comme les employés concernés, nièrent toute culpabilité et toute complicité de ces crimes. It was never built. Meyerbeer, Karl; Späth, Pascal (eds) (2012), Besetztes Haus Erfurt in Aktion: Widerstand gegen Räumung, Die Räumung des Besetzten Hauses in Erfurt am 16.04.2009, Forced labour under German rule during World War II, The engineers of the "final solution". Because of this, at the end of 1932, the brothers were made redundant. Ludwig Topf et son frère Ernst-Wolfgang, industriels bien connus d'Erfurt, avaient pris la carte de membre du parti nazi fin avril 1933 mais ils n'étaient ni racistes ni antisémites. Erfurt was handed over to the Soviet administration on 3 July, and Soviets would not give Topf permission to return. It also includes transcripts of two documents from the original Topf company, making its collaboration with the SS clear. Oltre a una vasta selezione di hotel, resort, appartamenti e ostelli in tutto il mondo. The company's history was not fully researched until after German reunification in 1990. April 2001 besetzten AntifaschistInnen einen Teil des ehemaligen Topf und Söhne Geländes in Erfurt. Later, the company diversified into silos, chimneys, incinerators for burning municipal waste, and crematoria. Erarbeitung der Grundlagen und Dokumentation der Geschichte der Firma J.A. Pour ce faire, il leur fallut observer les premiers massacres et incinérations dans les crématoires. L'entreprise dans laquelle fut absorbée Topf & Fils à l'époque de la RDA tenta de faire endosser toute la responsabilité aux propriétaires capitalistes de l'entreprise.